Transition to virtual education at University of San Carlos of Guatemala 2020

The transition from traditional teaching to virtual teaching in public institutions of higher education (PIHE) is a process that began with the first computers in the 20th century, which has been accelerated by the Covid 19 pandemic, forcing the PIHE to adopt new virtual learning environments for which the traditional educational model was not designed at the University of San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC). The global characteristics of the Covid 19 pandemic have affected USAC teachers, students, administrative and service workers, and authorities, who had to adapt various methodologies with the support of ICT to continue the educational process. The implementation and use of these technologies evidenced a digital divide both in cognitive processes and in the use and access of digital tools. The study addressed the trends of use and access to technology in three case studies at the campus of USAC in Guatemala City: Architecture, Humanities and Economic Sciences, with a sample of 2,128 students, who responded through a Google form survey instrument, interviews and a forum, from February to may 2020. The results show that the different socioeconomic levels affect the access and use of technology for the educational process, which is why it is necessary for PIHE to adopt policies and strategies that guarantee education.

Step-by-Step Implementation of a Non-face-to-face Audit Using the Tools of the Cloud

The present investigation began to answer the difference of a virtual, remote, and non-face-to-face audit, like a pilot of the non-face-to-face audit using Google's collaborative tools in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was exploratory because it began with the literary review to define the terms of face-to-face and non-face-to-face auditing, it took out the descriptive research because it made the diagnosis of a face-to-face audit before and in the process of the COVID 19 pandemic, and the results were suggested. of the implementation of non-face-to-face auditing in entities such as SUNAT and/or OSINERMING. The result was to propose a model that was found adequate with the incorporation of technology to carry out virtual synchronous supervision in stages (2) and (3). Likewise, it incorporates asynchronous supervision as part of the face-to-face supervision that includes stages (4) and (5), these stages would also be part of the cabinet audit. All stages of the model must be supported by technology to obtain results that were achieved in face-to-face audits before COVID 19 or better. The contributions were to clarify the definition of online or remote virtual auditing, to incorporate the terms of synchronous and asynchronous auditing, to propose follow-up and monitoring mechanisms for the administrator and the supervisor, to establish criteria for the implementation of cabinet auditing that ensures the results of the same way as a face-to-face inspection. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The freedom-government relationship in times of pandemic in Brazil and Argentina

This article aims to analyse the freedom-government relationship through the discourses and governmental measures implemented in Brazil and Argentina on the occasion of COVID-19. It considers two variables that became relevant as the pandemic developed: 1) the dichotomy between"economy"and "health': and 2) the national/federal, provincial/state and municipal levels of government as scenarios in the fight against the pandemic -analyzing the specific cases of Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires. The objective is to understand the experiences of Brazil and Argentina based on the knowledge, calculations and government techniques implemented to guarantee the difficult and fragile balance between individual freedom and common security. The period of study is focused on the year of 2020. In this way, it is expected that it will contribute to the analysis of the responses that both countries have given during the first year of the pandemic from the perspective of governmental practices and discourses.

Cohort of patients of the eps (Entity providing health services) sanitas with rheumatic diseases and covid19

Objectives: It is unclear whether autoimmune diseases increased the risk, worsened the prognosis, or the outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study, data collected from a historical cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases between the period of March 2020 and August 2020. Results: 192 patients were included, the majority were women (Women: 68.8%) the most common rheumatic disease was rheumatoid arthritis, followed by Sjögren's syndrome (Table 1). The most frequent associated comorbidity was arterial hypertension (27%), followed by renal disease (8.1%) and diabetes mellitus (8%). The most frequent symptom was headache (92.2%), followed by cough (58.5%), anosmia (44.9%), odynophagia (44.7%) and fever (44.5%). There was some alteration in the measurement of D-dimer, Ferritin, LDH, fibrinogen, troponin, leukocyte count, lymphocytes, platelets, acute phase reactants, transaminases, and creatinine. 36 (18.8%) patients required hospitalization, 10 in the ICU with mechanical ventilatory support. Most of the patients were undergoing treatment with conventional disease-modifying drugs (DMARDcs) (68.8%), 15(8.8%) were undergoing treatment with biological therapy. The main form of contagion suspected was contact with a family member or coworker. Of the total number of patients, 15 (7.8%) died associated with some complication from COVID19 Conclusion: We obtained similar results to international cohorts(1), highlighting important data such as the predominance of rheumatoid arthritis vs other rheumatic disease, the greater use of DMARDcs compared to other therapies and mortality. Likewise, studies should continue to evaluate the behavior of the SARS-COV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic diseases, to understand this infection better.